WELCOME TO THIS GREAT EDUCATIONAL BLOG

Welcome to my Pre-Nursing Exam Prep blog. I hope it will help you prepare very well for the Pre-NLN entrance exam, popularly known as the PAX exam. This is one of the entrance exams required by some schools for those who want to pursue careers in the nursing field in the USA. I will attempt to break down the review materials into manageable parts so that you can systematically and efficiently prepare for the test with less stress. I will guide you to prepare for the entire content of the test. Hopefully, you will be able to pass after going through these series.


BEST OF LUCK!


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A 12-DAY APPROACH TO ACE THE EXAM

SCIENCE REVIEWThe topics that are generally covered in the test have been grouped into twelve instructional modules below. You will be tested only on the basic concepts of physics, chemistry and biology. Click on science topics and select any of the topics listed in the module to review.

Lesson 1:

Basic structure of atom

Types of tissues

Lesson 2:

Movement of substances across the cell membrane

Acids and bases, pH scale

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Lesson 3:

Basic structure of the eye

Basic structure of the ear

Nervous system

Lesson 4:

Circulatory system

Introduction to mechanics (motion/forces)

Electrical circuits

Lesson 5:

Balancing chemical equations and writing formulas

Essentials of photosynthesis and respiration

Classifying organic compounds

Magnetism

Electromagnetism

Lesson 6:

Interpretation of graphs and pictograms

Analyzing and making conclusions from experiments

Data analysis

Lesson 7:

Endocrine system

Digestive system

Genitourinary system

Lesson 8:

Reproduction in mammals

Basic parts of a flower

Reproduction in plants (the process of pollination

Genetics

Lesson 9:

Modes of heat transfer

Calculating heat energies and phase diagrams

Temperature conversions (Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit)

Lesson 10:

Gas laws (Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac)

Types of energy (Potential, kinetic, etc…..)

Chemical bonds, equilibrium and equilibrium constants

Mixtures, types of solutions, solubility

Lesson 11:

Concepts of the food pyramid, food web and food chain

Light (diffraction, refraction, reflection, dispersion)

Basic concepts on waves

Sound waves

Catalyst and enzymes

Lesson 12:

Symbiosis

Ecology

The Electroscope

Radioactivity and half-life Tropism

Tropism

Wednesday, December 28, 2016

DATA ANALYSIS: RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

In the given hypothetical reaction: A+BAB, the reactants A and B are consumed while the concentration of product AB increases.  The reaction rate can be determined by measuring how fast the concentration of A or B decreases, or by how fast the concentration of AB increases.  The graph below shows a reaction profile in which the reactants (red) decrease in concentration as the products increase in concentration (blue).

RateWiki (1).jpg

Answer the following questions based on the information above.

1. At what time is the reaction in equilibrium?
    A. 6 s
    B. 10 s
    C. 8 s
    D. 9 s

2. What is the concentration of the product at equilibrium?
    A. 0.3 M
    B. 0.4 M
    C. 0.45 M
    D. 0.5 M

3. During which time interval is the rate of the forward reaction greater than the rate of reverse reaction?
    A. 0-9 s
    B. 9-10 s
    C. 10-15 s
    D. 15-25 s

4. During which time interval is the rate of the reverse reaction greater than the rate of the forward  reaction?
    A. 0-9 s
    B. 9-25 s
    C. 5-9 s
    D. 0-5 s

5. What is the concentration of the product at the beginning of the reaction?
    A. 1.0 M
    B. 0 M
    C. 1.15 M
    D. 0.5 M

6. What is the concentration of the reactants at the beginning of the reaction?
    A. 1.0 M
    B. 0 M
    C. 1.15 M
    D. 0.5 M


ANWSERS
1. D          2. C           3. A         4. B           5. B          6. C

Wednesday, December 21, 2016

MESSAGE FOR THE SEASON: YOU ARE HIGHLY FAVORED!

In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth,  to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. And the virgin's name was Mary. And he came to her and said, “Greetings, O favored one, the Lord is with you!”  But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and tried to discern what sort of greeting this might be.  And the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God.  And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.” And Mary said to the angel, “How will this be, since I am a virgin?” And the angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God. And behold, your relative Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a son, and this is the sixth month with her who was called barren.  For nothing will be impossible with God.” And Mary said, “Behold, I am the servant of the Lord; let it be to me according to your word.” And the angel departed from her.  
Luke 1:26-38 (KJV)  

Mary was one of the daughters of the house of David. Her name signifies “exalted”. Coming from a royal lineage, one would expect that she would be rich, yet she was poor and lowly. She lived in Nazareth, a city of Galilee, located in a very remote area of the country. It was bordered by the heathen, so it was called, Galilee of the Gentiles. Out of the many daughters of the house of David, the Lord sent His angel Gabriel to proclaim good news to Mary saying, “Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.” It was this same angel who had appeared to Zacharias in the temple in Jerusalem. Mary was very shocked to hear that she had been chosen out of many to be the mother of the savior of the world. Luke 1:29, But she was greatly troubled at the saying, and tried to discern what sort of greeting this might be.”  Being selected from many qualified applicants is favor! When it is time for God’s favor to be upon you, He visits you in the remotest place and calls you out of the least expected situation or condition. Out of your wretchedness and poverty, you can find favor when you call upon the Lord.
You may be in a low estate to today because things are knocking things in your life, like the angel of the Lord, I announce to you, “Rejoice, you are highly favored.” Your good health has come, your prosperity is here, your financial break through has come, doors of opportunities are knocking, your immigration status has changed, your marital status has changed. Rejoice! Hail!
Rejoice, for God has changed your disgrace to grace, and your shame to honor. There is someone here who somebody has said, nothing good can come out of you, today, I declare and decree that you are about to surprise them. You who people have said you will not live long, I decree and declare, that because of God’s favor, “You will not die, but live to proclaim the works of God.”  You shall see your children’s children and you will be called blessed among many. Because of God’s favor, you shall not go hungry. You will always have food on the table for your family. David said,

I was young and now I am old, yet I have never seen the righteous forsaken or their children begging bread. (Psalm 37:25)


Cast your burden on the Lord, and he will sustain you; he will never permit the righteous to be moved. Psalm 55:22 (ESV)

Because of His favor, you have been declared righteous so you would not be shaken or moved when the surging waters roars at you. You shall abide under the shadow of the almighty.
The angel said to Mary, “The Lord is with thee.” This signified the presence of God with her. This raised her faith. When the Lord is with you, all fear is gone. Despair becomes hope and hopelessness becomes hopeful. The impossible now becomes possible because He is the creator of all things. When you are convinced in your spirit that the Lord is with you, you allow His favor to manifest in your life for all to see and declare His glory. You become blessed so that others may be blessed through you. 

Mary sang a song of praise in Luke 1:48-55 saying:

 “My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior, for he has looked on the humble estate of his servant. For behold, from now on all generations will call me blessed; for he who is mighty has done great things for me, and holy is his name. And his mercy is for those who fear him from generation to generation. He has shown strength with his arm; he has scattered the proud in the thoughts of their hearts; he has brought down the mighty from their thrones and exalted those of humble estate; he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty.  He has helped his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy, as he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his offspring forever.

May this be your song today as you find favor from the Lord and become a blessing not only to yourself but to many generations to come.


AMEN!

Wednesday, December 7, 2016

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON DENSITY

Multiple Choice
 1. The density of an object is
 a) The mass divided by the volume D = m/v
 b) The volume divided by the mass D = v/m 
c) The same as its weight 
d) The same as the size of the object

 2. If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, the one with greater mass
a) Has a lower density 
b) Has a higher density 
c) Will float 
d) Will sink 

3. If two objects have the same volume but one is made up of smaller and heavier atoms, the one with small heavy atoms will
a) Be larger than the other
 b) Be less dense than the other 
c) Be more dense than the other 
d) Float

 4. If you cut a wooden block in half, each half would have
a) Half the density of the original piece
 b) Twice the density of the original piece 
c) The same density as the original piece 
d) No density at all 

5. In the water displacement method for finding volume 
a) You subtract the final volume from the initial volume 
b) You subtract the initial volume from the final volume
 c) You add the initial and final volumes
 d) You divide the final volume by 2 

6. If two objects have the same mass but different volumes 
a) The one with the larger volume has the lower density
 b) They must have the same density
 c) The one with the larger volume has the higher density 
d) The one with the larger volume is twice as dense 

7. If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of 100 cm3 of water should be 
a) 100 grams
 b) 50 grams 
c) 1000 grams 
d) 1 gram 

8. Density is a characteristic property of a substance. This means that the density of water
a) Changes depending on the volume
 b) Stays the same regardless of the volume 
c) Is greater for a greater mass of water 
d) Is less for a smaller mass of water 

9. 100 milliliters of water has a mass of 100 grams. If you measured the mass of 50 milliliters of water, the mass would be 
a) 25 grams
 b) 200 grams 
c) 100 grams 
d) 50 grams

 10. To find the mass of water in a graduated cylinder, you could 
a) Take the total mass of the water and graduated cylinder and subtract the mass of the water 
b) Take the total mass of the water and graduated cylinder and subtract the mass of the graduated cylinder 
c) Add the mass of the water to the mass of the graduated cylinder 
d) Take the total mass of the water and graduated cylinder and divide the mass by two 

11. An object should float in a liquid if it is 
a) More dense than the liquid 
b) Less dense than the liquid
 c) Lighter than metal 
d) Shaped like a ball 

12. A tiny piece of sand is very light but sinks in water. This is because 
a) Sand is a solid 
b) Sand is less dense than water
 c) There is more water than sand 
d) Sand is more dense than water 

13. Wood floats in water. If you measured the mass of the same volume of wood and water
a) The water would have a greater mass 
b) The water would have a lower mass
c) The mass of the wood and water would be the same 
d) The mass of the wood and water would both be 100 grams

 14. A candle floats in water but sinks in alcohol. This is because 
a) The candle has less mass in alcohol 
b) The water has less mass than the alcohol 
c) The water is more dense than the alcohol 
d) Water and alcohol are both liquids 

15. Alcohol is less dense than water. If you measured the mass of the same volume of alcohol and water 
a) The water would have a greater mass 
b) The water would have a lower mass 
c) The mass of the alcohol and water would be the same 
d) The mass of the alcohol and water would cancel each other out 

16. A carrot floats in salt water but sinks in fresh water. This is because
a) Salt water is more dense than fresh water
 b) Fresh water is more dense than salt water
 c) The carrot is more dense than salt water 
d) A larger piece of carrot has a different density 

17. The density of hot water 
a) Is greater than the density of cold water 
b) Is less than the density of cold water 
c) The same as the density of cold water 
d) Depends on the volume of water

 18. The density of hot and cold water are different mainly because
a) The molecules in hot water move slower and are slightly closer together 
b) The molecules in hot water are larger
 c) The molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apart
d) The molecules in cold water move faster and are further apart

ANSWERS

1. a
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. b
6. a
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. b
11. b
12. d
13. a
14. c
15. a
16. a
17. b

18. c