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Welcome to my Pre-Nursing Exam Prep blog. I hope it will help you prepare very well for the Pre-NLN entrance exam, popularly known as the PAX exam. This is one of the entrance exams required by some schools for those who want to pursue careers in the nursing field in the USA. I will attempt to break down the review materials into manageable parts so that you can systematically and efficiently prepare for the test with less stress. I will guide you to prepare for the entire content of the test. Hopefully, you will be able to pass after going through these series.


BEST OF LUCK!


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A 12-DAY APPROACH TO ACE THE EXAM

SCIENCE REVIEWThe topics that are generally covered in the test have been grouped into twelve instructional modules below. You will be tested only on the basic concepts of physics, chemistry and biology. Click on science topics and select any of the topics listed in the module to review.

Lesson 1:

Basic structure of atom

Types of tissues

Lesson 2:

Movement of substances across the cell membrane

Acids and bases, pH scale

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Lesson 3:

Basic structure of the eye

Basic structure of the ear

Nervous system

Lesson 4:

Circulatory system

Introduction to mechanics (motion/forces)

Electrical circuits

Lesson 5:

Balancing chemical equations and writing formulas

Essentials of photosynthesis and respiration

Classifying organic compounds

Magnetism

Electromagnetism

Lesson 6:

Interpretation of graphs and pictograms

Analyzing and making conclusions from experiments

Data analysis

Lesson 7:

Endocrine system

Digestive system

Genitourinary system

Lesson 8:

Reproduction in mammals

Basic parts of a flower

Reproduction in plants (the process of pollination

Genetics

Lesson 9:

Modes of heat transfer

Calculating heat energies and phase diagrams

Temperature conversions (Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit)

Lesson 10:

Gas laws (Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac)

Types of energy (Potential, kinetic, etc…..)

Chemical bonds, equilibrium and equilibrium constants

Mixtures, types of solutions, solubility

Lesson 11:

Concepts of the food pyramid, food web and food chain

Light (diffraction, refraction, reflection, dispersion)

Basic concepts on waves

Sound waves

Catalyst and enzymes

Lesson 12:

Symbiosis

Ecology

The Electroscope

Radioactivity and half-life Tropism

Tropism

Wednesday, July 9, 2014

FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS OR ASSOCIATIONS

Symbiosis is the term used to describe the long-term relationships between two or more organisms.

There are four types of relationships.
1. Parasitism
2. Mutualism
3. Saprophytism
4. Commensalism

PARASITISM

Under this type of relationship, one organism feeds on another and causes injury or harm to it. 

Examples:  Bed bugs feed on the blood of humans, tapeworm in the intestines of humans, plasmodium falciparum causing malaria in humans. 

MUTUALISM
This is the type of association in which both organisms benefit from the relationship. 

Examples: Oxpeckers (a kind of bird) land on rhinos or zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on their skin. The oxpeckers get food and the rhinos or zebras relieved of the pests. So both benefit from this relationship.

The spider crab and the algae. Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor where they are easily preyed upon by other sea creatures. The greenish-brown algae lives on the back of the crabs. This makes them blend in with their environment so that they become unnoticeable to predators. They both benefit because the algae gets a good place to live, and the crabs get camouflage.

The bee and the flower. Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they turn into their food. While feeding on the nectar, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies The pollen is transferred to the next flower when the bee lands on it leading to pollination. In this mutualistic relationship, the bees get their food, and the flowering plants get to reproduce.

COMMENSALISM
In this relationship, one organism benefits but the other does not benefit or get injured.

Examples: The shark and the remora fish. The remora fish feeds on the crumbs that fall out of the mouth of the shark. The remora fish benefits from feeding on the crumbs but the shark does not benefit or lose.

Cattle and cattle egrets - The cattle egrets are birds that live near cattle. When the cattle graze, their movements stir up insects. The birds have their insects and the cattle are unaffected.

SAPROPHYTISM

This relationship involves organisms feeding on non-living things. The organisms are referred to as saprophytes.

Example: Mold and bread - Mold (living organism) is a fungus that feeds on the bread (non-living). 

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