We will look at the basic concept and structure of the cardiovascular system today. You only need to know the basic structure of the general circulation to pass the test. We will begin by looking at the structure of the heart.
Diagram of the cardiovascular system.
The heart consists of four chambers:
1. Left ventricle
2. Left atrium
3. Right ventricle
4. Right atrium
The right side of the heart carries
deoxygenated blood while the left side carries
oxygenated blood.
Deoxygenated blood return to the right atrium from
lower parts of the body via the inferior vena cava and from the
upper part via the superior vena cava.
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lung via the
pulmonary artery. Note that
all arteries carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood return to the left atrium from the lung via the pulmonary vein. Note that
all vein carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary vein.
The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to the other parts of the body via the
aorta (the largest artery in the body)
There are valves between the atria and ventricles. The one on the left is called the
mitral valve (bicuspid valve) and the right one is called the
tricuspid valve. These valves prevent the back flow of blood.
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